Delirium is a sudden change in the way someone thinks and acts. It starts quickly and may last for several days or longer depending on the person. Delirium can be a frightening experience for the person who experiences it, their family and carers. People can develop delirium at home or in hospital.

Despite being a common condition, delirium is poorly recognised and cases are often missed because symptoms are misinterpreted and risk factors overlooked. Carers are well placed to detect changes in patient cognition and behaviour from pre-illness levels of functioning and may be helpful in identifying symptoms and supporting the diagnosis of delirium.

What is Delirium?

What are the risk factors?

Being very sick

Infection

Constipation

Dehydration/Malnutrition

Advanced Age

Dementia

Depression

Poor eyesight

Multiple medications

Recent surgery (e.g. hip surgery)

Previous episodes of delirium

Severe pain

Medications

Alcohol consumption or smoking

Withdrawal from alcohol or medication

Changes in a person’s environment

Prevention of Delirium

Be attentive for any behavioural or emotional changes in the person

Make sure the person has their glasses or hearing aids with them

Make sure the person gets good sleep and avoids caffeine in the afternoon and evening

Try to get the person moving or walking if they are able

A healthy diet and staying mobile will help prevent constipation

Some medications such as strong painkillers, sleeping tablets and bladder medications, can cause delirium as a side effect

Smoking or drinking alcohol may cause withdrawal that can contribute to delirium. Be aware of any signs of withdrawal.